A Bahraini man searches the sky over the Persian Gulf for the crescent moon in the western village of Karzakan, Bahrain, on Thursday, July 19, 2012. The new moon heralds the start of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, a time of fasting, prayer and charitable giving for Muslims worldwide. Bahrain announced Ramadan officially begins Friday in the kingdom. (AP Photo/Hasan Jamali)
A Bahraini man searches the sky over the Persian Gulf for the crescent moon in the western village of Karzakan, Bahrain, on Thursday, July 19, 2012. The new moon heralds the start of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, a time of fasting, prayer and charitable giving for Muslims worldwide. Bahrain announced Ramadan officially begins Friday in the kingdom. (AP Photo/Hasan Jamali)
Yemenis shop for food in preparation for the Muslim holy fasting month of Ramadan at a market in the old city of Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 19, 2012. Muslims throughout the world are preparing to celebrate the holy fasting month of Ramadan, a period devoted to dawn-to-dusk fasting, prayers and spiritual introspection. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed)
A Palestinian woman waits to buy ice-cream in Gaza City, on a hot summer day, Thursday, July 19, 2012. Muslims from Morocco to Afghanistan are steeling themselves for the toughest Ramadan in more than three decades. They're asked to refrain from food and drink, even a sip of water, for 14 hours a day during the hottest time of the year, a test of self-restraint made harder by daily power cuts in some parts of the Muslim world, such as Iraq, Pakistan and tiny Gaza. (AP Photo/Adel Hana)
Iraqis shop for food in preparation for the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan in central Baghdad, Iraq, Thursday, July 19, 2012. Muslims throughout the world are preparing to celebrate the holy fasting month of Ramadan, when they refrain from eating, drinking, and smoking from dawn to dusk. (AP Photo/Karim Kadim)
Iraqis shop for food in a preparation for the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan at the Shorjah market in central Baghdad, Iraq, Thursday, July 19, 2012. Muslims throughout the world are preparing to celebrate the holy fasting month of Ramadan, when they refrain from eating, drinking, and smoking from dawn to dusk. (AP Photo/Karim Kadim)
CAIRO (AP) ? Religious authorities in most Middle Eastern countries declared that Friday will be the start of the holy month of Ramadan, a period devoted to dawn-to-dusk fasting, prayers and good deeds.
Official statements issued Thursday in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Jordan, Qatar, Libya and Yemen said the holy month will start the following day.
Political differences and religious disputes between Sunni- and Shiite-majority countries in the region have often played a role in different starting dates for the holy month which is usually calculated based on the sighting of a new moon.
Highlighting the turmoil in Syria, Syria's government said the holy month will begin Saturday ? in contrast to the opposition Syrian National Council, which said it is to be observed starting Friday. On the group's Facebook page, the SNC urged unity and cooperation among Syrians as they fight Bashar Assad's regime.
"As we near victory against the gang of repression and corruption, we call on our people to escalate their resistance and confrontation with the regime members and their militia, and to support the heroic brigades in Damascus," the group said. "The holy month of Ramadan will be the month of victory against the criminals."
An unprecedented attack on Syria's National Security building in Damascus Wednesday killed three of Assad's top lieutenants. Coupled with the rebels' seizure of two Syrian border crossings, the development suggests an unraveling of Assad's grip on power after 16 months of violence.
The sighting of the new moon marks the beginning of the Muslim lunar month that varies between 29 and 30 days.
Some countries use astronomical calculations and observatories, while others rely on the naked eye alone, leading sometimes to different starting times in the Middle East. Ramadan begins around 11 days earlier each year.
During the month, Muslims are expected to abstain during daylight hours from food, drink, smoking and sex to focus on spirituality, good deeds and charity.
On Thursday, Egypt's newly elected President Mohammed Morsi used the occasion to issue a pardon of 572 civilians sentenced in military tribunals, tackling a major demand of pro-democracy activists. But the pardon only affects a fraction of the thousands of civilians who have been tried and sentenced by military tribunals since a council of generals took over following Hosni Mubarak's ouster in February 2011.
Activists say over 11,000 were tried in military tribunals. A spokesman for a committee investigating the issue said Thursday more than 2,100 remain in prisons.
This year, the long and hot summer days are expected to compound the already tough fast which slows the pace of life and changes daily routines.
Morsi urged Egyptians to observe working hours to improve the country's compounded security problems and debilitated services. Morsi, who was sworn in less than 20 days, became the region's first popularly elected Islamist leader. He has yet to name a new government, and has kept the military-backed government in place until he appoints what he promised would be a national unity Cabinet.
This is the second Ramadan since the outbreak of protests in the region against longtime rulers. Despite the slower pace of life during the holy month, last year, protests picked up in Syria and rebels in Libya took the capital Tripoli, unseating longtime dictator Moammar Gadhafi.
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